Page-by-Page Website Checklist

Your logo. It should be front and center, and memorable. At the very least, it should be visible at the top of your page and link back to the home page when clicked. As a bonus, you could have a stable navigation bar, so links and the logo are visible even as a visitor scrolls.
Your claim. A bold headline that tells your visitors immediately what you do, or what problem you can solve of your visitors is essential in letting visitors know they came to the right website.
After your claim (and sometimes, appropriate in your header) should be your call-to-action. This is a way for visitors to contact/purchase/try for free, etc. It helps to create a sense of urgency as well: "Get your Free Quote Today" for example, works because it adds a unit of time.
Testimonials are all the rage. Visitors love to see that you've solved other visitor's problems...visitors just like them. Show their photo to make them even more relatable.
Another call-to-action. That's right, you should have at least two call-to-actions on your home page. Make sure visitors don't have to scroll back to the top of the page for this button, and make it available near or at the bottom. For longer pages, present them more often, but don't bombard visitors.

Your life story. Save a (smaller) version of this for your about section.
Pricing. Up front. Right away. It's best to present the value of what you're presenting, with prices afterwards.
Low resolution photos. It's a great idea to have a large "Hero" photo or video front and center of your page, so make sure it's high-quality, just like your business!
Your e-mail address. Unless you are open to inviting spam robots into your inbox, save your e-mail address for another place, and use contact forms instead.

Your story as it relates to your clients and solving their problems. For example, "I started this company when I realized people were having the problem of ______ and I knew I could help them by _______."
Results. You can include testimonials, statistics, images of completed projects, before and afters, and more here.
Call-to-action. This is going to sound repetitive, so get used to it! Your visitors shouldn't have to click more than twice to get to any page on your website, and your call-to-action should be available somewhere on each page.

Choose only your best projects. Don't include your entire life's work.
Include explanations, links to working websites, or images of the process to describe what you do and how you do it, and why your process is the best.
Don't forget that Call-to-Action somewhere on the page! If you are listing products without an internal store, each product should have a button to direct visitors to inquire at the very least.

Multiple forms of contact. A contact form is a great thing to have, but adding a phone number or e-mail will help visitors have options.
An integrated map. If you are a brick and mortar business it's essential to allow visitors to find you. Including an interactive Google map will also help boost your search engine rankings.
Make sure all text is editable, not imagery! With a huge percentage of websites being accessed on mobile devices, many of your visitors are going to want to click on your phone number or e-mail address to make contact with you. If this information is in an image, it won't be recognized and clickable. It also won't be searchable by search engines!